This special issue of the PNAS features a series of articles inspired by a colloquium hosted by the Standing Committee on Advancing Science Communication. The papers in this issue describe the need for a paradigm shift in science communication, from traditional, top-down dissemination to participatory and inclusive approaches. They also identify four major challenges to effective science communication: scientific uncertainty, politicization, the myth of value-neutral science, and a reactive communication infrastructure. The articles highlight that engaging diverse communities and integrating their values into science communication can help build both societal trust and the impact of science.